How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition only of children, however it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can make a difference in the quality of life of a person.
An assessment for ADHD could involve a conversation with the patient and their family members. The specialist could look through the school records from the past to determine if symptoms started in childhood.
adhd uk diagnosis and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that affects work, school and family life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and focusing from time to time. To be able to identify the disorder, someone must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair daily functioning. The symptoms must have also been present for a minimum of six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about their symptoms, and also about any medical issues and family history. They may also employ rating systems to gauge symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and an impulsive nature.
For adults, doctors might require a discussion with a significant other or people who know the patient well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but rather to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be gained from a questionnaire. They may also ask about childhood behavior and use the old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before age 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct an examination and tests in the lab to rule out other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also go over the patient's medications. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments may be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will take these into account when recommending treatment options. This is why it's important for adults to consult their primary care physicians if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, symptoms must manifest in at least two settings (such as school, home, and work) and cause impairment to functioning. They should also have been diagnosed before age 12, and the impairment must not be due to another disorder, like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will employ various tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptom lists as well as standardized scales of behaviour and a thorough medical history. They might also talk to family members or friends to learn how the symptoms affect them. They'll inquire whether the symptoms are similar to other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also look at the medical history of the patient and family history to ensure there is no root cause for their issues like thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In some cases the examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request the person undergo an imaging test in order to rule out other causes for their symptoms like learning disabilities. People with these disorders often show different symptoms from those with no issues. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls show inattentive ones.
Some people with ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to try out new treatments. While this is an excellent method to aid in further research, it is crucial for participants to realize that the main purpose of these studies is to increase scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. For more information about clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect that you have ADHD Find a doctor who is certified to identify the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare professionals for recommendations. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a great option.
A doctor will inquire with the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about the symptoms they experience. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and ask others in the person's life for details, such as their spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any documents from the past, and especially old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of the individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present since the age of a child (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also usually done. It is also checked for other medical conditions which could cause symptoms, like thyroid problems or seizures. A neurological exam is typically performed by a specialist to test motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to test abilities and intelligence, may be used as well. A person could be required to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This could help an expert determine if someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will then determine the diagnosis and recommend treatment. The typical treatment plan includes medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping strategies and help change negative thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medications, however it's not the only way to treat the condition. Adults, teens and children are also able to benefit from psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both. These therapies assist them to cope and cope with their ADHD symptoms. They may also include psychoeducation, which is education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It's crucial to locate a mental health professional or health care professional who has experience in treating ADHD. You can ask your friends who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or a mental health practitioner you trust. You can also conduct an internet search. It's important to find a doctor who is familiar with your insurance.
The health care provider will inquire with you or your child about the symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will do an examination and check for other health problems which could trigger similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you, as well as school documents and other reports.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be trickier because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and request that other people who spend lots of time with them fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders such as anxiety or depression. Therefore, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients might benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps develop skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also help patients learn to manage their symptoms by making lifestyle adjustments. For example exercising regularly can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthy diet is essential as well. People with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat, and less fruits and vegetables. Lastly, making social and family relationships a priority can lower stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides children and adults a clearer comprehension of their issues. A child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to teachers or other peers. Once a teacher understands that this is not a personal issue or due to laziness they can provide adjustments.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions specific to the age of the person, talk to teachers and family members as well as review medical records and look for comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records can be helpful for adults.
The specialist will also check for any hearing or vision issues with hearing or vision. The doctor may also do a blood test to look for specific hormones and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like symptoms.